Where the daily targets come from

The label compares a serving against a whole day, and the day depends on who is eating. Requirements take the highest figure in the age band, so a meal works for everyone in the room; limits take the lowest; fat and carbohydrate are published as ranges, so they take the middle.

NutrientElementary schoolMiddle schoolHigh schoolAdult
Calories1,600kcal2,100kcal2,400kcal2,000kcal
Total Fat53g70g80g61g
Saturated Fat18g23g27g22g
Cholesterol300mg300mg300mg300mg
Sodium1,500mg1,800mg2,300mg2,300mg
Total Carbohydrate220g290g330g275g
Dietary Fiber31g31g38g38g
Protein34g34g52g56g
Calcium1,300mg1,300mg1,300mg1,000mg
Iron10mg8mg15mg18mg
Potassium2,500mg2,500mg3,000mg3,400mg
Calories
Estimated Energy Requirement for a moderately active child at the middle age of the band, averaged across boys and girls. The adult profile instead uses the FDA's 2,000-calorie reference day. DRI calorie table · FDA Daily Values
Total Fat
Middle of the acceptable range - 30% of calories for ages 4-18, 27.5% for adults - divided by 9 calories per gram. DRI macronutrients
Saturated Fat
Under 10% of calories, the limit that applies from age 2 up, divided by 9 calories per gram. Dietary Guidelines
Cholesterol
300 mg at every age, the long-standing Daily Value. FDA Daily Values · DRI macronutrients
Sodium
Chronic Disease Risk Reduction limit: 1,500 mg for ages 4-8, 1,800 mg for 9-13, 2,300 mg from 14 up. Grades K-5 span the 1,500 and 1,800 mg limits. The lower limit is used in this instance. DRI sodium and potassium
Total Carbohydrate
Middle of the acceptable range, 55% of calories, divided by 4 calories per gram - the same basis behind the FDA's 275 g Daily Value. DRI macronutrients · FDA Daily Values
Dietary Fiber
Highest Adequate Intake in the band: 25 g for ages 4-8, 31 g for boys 9-13, 38 g for boys 14-18 and men 19-30. DRI macronutrients · FDA Daily Values
Protein
Highest RDA in the band: 34 g for ages 9-13, 52 g for boys 14-18, 56 g for men 19-30. DRI macronutrients
Calcium
Highest RDA in the band: 1,300 mg for ages 9-18, 1,000 mg for ages 4-8 and adults. DRI elements
Iron
Highest RDA in the band: 10 mg for ages 4-8, 8 mg for 9-13, 15 mg for girls 14-18, 18 mg for women 19-50. Menstruating girls and women need roughly twice what boys and men the same age do. DRI elements
Potassium
Highest Adequate Intake in the band under the 2019 revision: 2,500 mg for boys 9-13, 3,000 mg for boys 14-18, 3,400 mg for men 19 and up. DRI sodium and potassium · FDA Daily Values

These are reference values for healthy populations, published so meals can be planned and labels compared. They are not a prescription for any one student, and a student with a medical diet should follow it over anything here.